Of course, the purpose of the screws is to hold the drum on in case a wheel comes off while moving. Otherwise you'll step on the brakes, the pistons will pop out followed by all the fluid in the rear system, making a very bad situation somewhat worse.
JimmyZ as the right idea; put them back in. They're very cheap insurance against a very unlikely scenario. But I would question whether it's worth drilling and taping the flanges for them, since it is a very unlikely scenario.
It was much more important when cars had drums all around and a single braking circuit. One lost drum ment NO brakes except for the 'emergency' brake, which wasn't much back then either.