My book shows the exhaust exiting out the back on the right side - it was a small pipe with one muffler.
Back pressure: Your friend is right about cool air hitting exhaust valves - makes them look like pretzels! Notice the tennis balls they use in Zoomies - straight individual pipes on dragsters. It's not in case it rains.
Putting freer exhaust systems on will be noticed the most at very high RPM, if the old system was restrictive.
Headers work on a pulsation principle, pressure waves actually suck or "scavenge" the exhaust out - it works only at critical RPM's, usually high speeds.
The controversy - I talked to an old muffler guy yesterday about backpressure etc. He said he has experienced it a few, but very few, times.
When he put low restriction pipes on, it ran worse - mainly small engines. I asked about timing, he said he made it "less worse" by advancing the timing radically. He said it usually helps but not always.
The mystery in the 225's and 231's, both even and odd fire, timing problems:
Why does the problem exist on only some engines and not others?
Why doesn't it "kick" or "buck" during cranking when we set the timing to 30-35 initial? (During cranking there isn't any backpressure even with straws as exhaust pipes, so that eliminates exhaust as the culprit.)
Why doesn't it "ping" when total advance gets to 60-70 degrees?
Yes, damper hasn't slipped, chain/gears new/good and not off, etc. All the "normal" things have been investigated.
Several people here have the problem, but most not - strange.
One fellow has the problem in a boat - had a 225 odd fire with the timing problem, then swapped in a 231 even fire - STILL HAS IT! Go figure.
Rich